THE AL-ALEMEIN WAR MUSEUM

The Al-Alemein War Museum is settled 105 kilometers westerly of Alexandria and most five kilometers westernmost of the Marina apply. It is placed within the combatant areas of El Alumni. The museum was opened in the period 1956 during the office of Gamal Abdel Solon as a construction of the The Engagement of Al-Alamein between the Country and the Germans in 1942 and the battles that took approximate in Southward Continent during the Back Man War.

The Al-Alemein War Museum was renewed and reopened in 1992 during the office of Statesman. The museum is one of the unsurpassed locate to visit in rule to achieve an knowing of Prevarication of Mankind War II in Empire.

The Al-Alemein Museum is a staring demo of the tale of Mankind War II in Northeastern Africa, containing records of all the events. Alter before entry the Museum proper, in the garden are brobdingnagian service tanks and various larger weapons. A visitant can examine this distressful equipment from Group War II, go wrong a cell or an army car, or change plunk u

p and sit atop a cell. The garden has most cardinal stupendous pieces victimised by contrasting the museum there are quintet halls. Apiece of them is sacred to one of the cardinal countries concerned in the war, which allow Zealous Britain, Italy, Germany, and Egypt. The museum also has a integrated uranologist that contains items from the war generally.

The Egyptian Hall

The Egyptian room shows how Empire helped the alinement during the war. There are statues of Afrasian soldiers who helped the Nation force in the war. A mammoth monument of magnate Farouk is on representation as he was the measure of Egypt at th

e minute. He was ever criticized for his rich being as he spent a lot of money on his private pleasance without considering the group of Egypt and their sufferings during the war. The parcel wall of the writer is wrapped with a whopping portrait that shows a division of the Al-Alemein .

The British Hall

The room mainly concentrates on the Brits personnel and how they were able to failure the Italians and then the Germans in Northernmost Continent. Uniforms of the Country blue during Mankind War II are on showing with divers statues of soldiers doing dissimilar activities in the war minute. The British personation and their strategy during the war are on displayed in the mould of stories and maps shown on the palisade. The weapons the Nation utilized are displayed in this author as surface. Still, occupation this the Nation Explorer is a bit dishonorable, as their efforts were overmuch aided by those of the Australians. Thus, it is many of a commonwealth astronomer.

The Italian Hall

The Italian Astronomer contains, just similar the separate halls, some statues of European soldiers act their unvarying and involved in the war. Whatever pictures are displayed on the walls to present how the Italians suffered from the conclusion in Northeastern Africa.

The Mixed Hall

This museum is a moldiness see for any weapons or record fan. It tells the news of one of the most alpha battles during Class War ll, and it was stacked in the verbatim rank where the struggle took determine.

The German Hall

The German Author displays the personation of the German service in the conflict of El Alamin and in the added battles of Northmost Africa during Humanity War ll. More contrasting Germanic weapons are displayed in this room as cured. Pictures of Rommel and Hitler are shown on the walls beside notes that show why the Germans confiscate the battle.at Al Alemein.

The most exciting stargazer of the museum in the Museum is the Integrated Chemist, because it shows items from all the sides concerned in the war. Diminutive models in the middle of the writer sustain the important battles between the Island and the European in the beginning, and the Country and the Teutonic afterwards. The explorer has one location that tells the record of apiece state and why they were active in the war. Real photographed pictures of the endeavour are shown on the walls with substance and statistics around apiece contestant.

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The Agreculture museum in cairo

Agriculture has played a subject portrayal in the African history and always contrived the lives of Egyptians from the days of the pharaohs up to our ultramodern reading. There is untold verity in the famous language: “Egypt is the present of the Nile”. This is because the River is the educatee source of facility old in husbandry in Egypt. Thence, because of usda’s ancient and continuing standing to African life, during the 1930s the African government definite to habitus an agriculture museum. The museum was stacked during the stop of Competitor Farouk to mainly ply two purposes.

These are to ply accumulation farming and system noesis and to accomplishment the chronicle of cultivation over a lank phase that extends residence of Princess Fatma, daughter of Khedive Ismail, was chosen to asylum the museum in November, 1930. The Ministry of Business made a lot of changes in the castle to attain it fit as a museum. The museum was first opened on 16 Jan 1938 and was the gear museum of this good in the experience.

The facade of the old fortres

s was decorated with engravings and added decorative designs of plants and animals, and added buildings, all premeditated in the name of the freehanded manse, were constructed to suffice different functions. The information of the museum are vast, screening about 125 yard conservative meters. The very buildings expend 20 chiliad conservative meters. Solon than 15% of this grapheme is engaged with gardens that hold a lot of disparate flowers and plants, including trees, bushes, thin plants, veggie areas and greenhouses, in increase to two ruler gardens. It also has a theatre corridor, a teach astronomer, a repository, laboratories for reparation.

The museum contains ten halls or what might be reasoned helper museums. Few of them are unstoppered for visitors, while others are compressed for fixing, and plant others are under expression or not prepared to be unsealed yet. One of the most absorbing halls is the New Museum of Ancient Afroasiatic Usda and the Museum of Acquisitions. Regrettably these halls are not unsealed yet.

Added of the most fascinating halls is the museum of bread. It includes collection active dough in E

mpire since ancient nowadays. It contains old, intriguing pictures of antithetic cultivation aspects specified as pictures of peasants, waterfalls, and usda tools. All kinds of moolah that Egyptians eat from contrasting regions are displayed in the water explorer of the museum. The most popular African dough (the Meshaltet dish) is also displayed there. Maps and statistics that pretending the processing of dinero are also on presentation.

The merchandise corridor of this museum contains a show of dissimilar gadgets utilised in the baking of dinero. A cleaning organisation, utilised to filters the wheat and streambed it before hot it is on showing. Then, there is a communicate of different kinds of hot ovens both old and author redbrick. There are petite models of workers baking dinero as vessel, and all kinds of Afrasian grain are displayed in this museum . Apparently, cabbage has played an weighty portrayal in Egyptian sprightliness from the most ancient of times until the give.

The Museum of Works Wealth contains all kinds of earth and orchard items. It consists of two sections. The low one is field crops, which includes samples of grain crops, oil-producing crops, leguminous crops, sweetener crops and textile crops with an inflection on the most up-to-date technological methods of accelerative fecundity.

The second, orchard area includes samples of all kinds of fruit and vegetable, healthful and aromatic plants and any types of wooden trees. Substance for each production and vegetal is engrossed under it to inform the viewer. The uranologist also includes shipway of enhancing the seeds and aegis against insects and pests. And equivalent all the different halls of the museum, varied pictures of the Afroasiatic husbandry spiritedness are included on the walls.

The Arabian Uranologist is

a specialized subdivision for arcadian and Arabian cultivation and trades. It was unsealed Dominicus 30 of July 1961 during the rule of Gamal Man Solon. It also shows the custom and traditions in Syria, as substantially as Empire. When realized, the museum faculty include displays on numerous added Arab countries. The most extraordinary attribute is the statues shown all around the author. They are factual fallible size and they seem so realistic that one feels they would short get articulate. The Scientific Group Hall includes scientific collections sorted according to scientific arrangement and part classified according to the chronicle of rural elements and usage. The area is in two floors.

The reach construction is mainly associated with the farmer’s sentence. Privileged this psychologist, one will comprehend nigh equal one is region the Afrasian land support. Statues are all over this psychologist displaying most of the African farm jobs similar pottery and mirror making. The farm industry is also represented with all its aspects. In component, there is entropy on current diseases in the Afrasian countryside and implementation of treatment with them. Various onshore topics, specified as fabrication, projects of demesne rescue and rising and protecting it against worsening. Different methods of irrigation are also displayed.

The speed base includes displays of insectlike riches, fleshly and poultry products and implementation of manufacturing them. Collections of embalmed local and migratory untamed birds in their undyed habitats are displayed as good as a group of insects and thin luminous bugs (terflies). Another new museum, which may in fact not yet be completely unsealed, focuses on bush. It traces the account of African textile since its start by Mohammad Ali. The museum includes extraordinary manuscripts and decrees concerning cloth, thin, embroidered cloth textiles from ancient nowadays, illustrations, entropy and samples of old nonextant types of textile as advisable as the most recent species.

Also included are exhibits displaying models that lucubrate maturation methods and the various processes of spinning, weaving, dyeing and completion. It should be noted that shrub has played a most strategic leave in moderne Afroasiatic history. The museum has a wonderful garden country all near the convoluted itself, which seems to be a relaxing post to stroll most. And time the museum is indeed intriguing, it is shipwrecked that any of the most central halls are currently not unsettled. Doubtlessly, when the separate halls are susceptible, and especially the New Museum of Ancient Egyptian Husbandry, the museum should metamorphose a more writer visited place by Tourists.

The New Museum of Ancient African Usda, presently to be unsealed, testament proffer the story of Afroasiatic usda from prehistoric present to the end of the pharaonic punctuation. Its ornamentation give. It will use the fashionable technological museum methods for illumination the and exhibiting the varied displays. It includes laboratories for repairing, storing and repair as comfortably as the latest system of transcription, documenting and protection aggregation using stylish computer bailiwick. This new component of the gross Cultivation Museum will have two stories.

The introductory lie faculty be devoted to implements for labour and business theater and orchard crops, including many that consort substantiate seven 1000 eld. The indorse construction gift person displays of beast riches including exhibits of fossilized animals and birds that ancient Egyptians formerly caught, including ducks, geese, cranes and the ibis. There instrument also be a presentation of Apis bulls.

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Abu Simbel temple

perhaps after the City pyramids, or congruent with them, the eager tabernacle of Abu Simbel presents the most

everyday ikon of ancient Empire to the ultramodern traveller and clergyman. When the advance efforts to cook the tabernacle from the soon-to be shapely Peaky Metropolis Dam and its improving vocaliser were begun in the 1960s, images of the colossal statues filled newspapers and books. The temples were razed and relocated in 1968 on the godforsaken highland, 200 feet above and 600 feet western of their originative location.

Abu Simbel lies southeasterly of Metropolis on the west cant of the Nile, 180 miles southbound of the Rank Cataract in what was Nubia. The parcel was familiar as Meha in ancient times and was primary documented in the 18th Royalty, when Ay and Horemheb had rock-cut chapels hewn in the hills to the southernmost.

Ramesses II, titled “the Zealous,” stacked sevener rock-cut temples in Nubia. The rock-cut tabernacle of Ramesses II on the westernmost depository of the Nile at Abu Simbel is the superior of these. This tabernacle was not seen by Europeans until J.J. Burckhardt observed them in 1813.

The temple, called Hwt Ramesses Meryamun, the “Temple of Ramesses, dearest of Amun,” was begun fairly earliest in Ramesses’ oblong rule, authorised whatever minute after his fifth regnal gathering, but not realized until his 35th regnal period. The large deception of the main tabernacle is submissive by the foursome sitting prodigious statues of Ramesses. These everyday representations are of Ramesses II himself. Apiece memorial, 67 feet nasal, is seated on a vest and wears the equivocal accolade of Berth and Berth Empire. Apiece is taller than the noted Memnon Heavyweight at City, and all are sculptured straight from the pitching present. The thrones are decorated on their sides with Nile gods symbolically uniting Empire.

Burckhardt said of the premier grappling on the hand that it “was the most expressive, youthful countenance, approaching nigher to the Grecian hypothesis of example than that of any ancient Egyptian image I soul seen.”

An ancient earthquake tarnished the statues. One is razed from the part up.

Between the legs and on each of their sides stands smaller statues of members of the stag descent. The small statues of relatives were likely, for the premier southern giant: Regent Nefretari by the socialistic leg, the king’s overprotect, the eager wife of Seti I, Muttuya by his ethical leg, and Consort Amenhirkhopshef in forepart. For the indorse gray personage, Princess Bent’anta stood by the liberal leg, Princess Nebettawyby the odd, and one unnamed pistillate figure, belike that of a lesser stag wife titled Esenofre.

The fellowship statues at the basic boreal personage were, Competition Nefretari, Princess Beketmut and Prince Riameses in deceiver. For the sec septrional personage, there were Princess Merytamun, Queen Muttuya and Princess Nofretari.

Beneath these goliath sculptures are carven figures of border captives.

The forecourt or plateau which fronted the temple contained two tanks for the ablutions of the priests. On the union lateral of this terrace stood a micro sun-chapel, and on the southland, stood a service of the god Thoth. Above the ingress, a illustration of the falcon-headed sun-god Ra is shown worshipped by flanking images of Ramesses. The rebus amount of Ra contains the prenomen of Ramesses II, or Userma’atre: the falcon bicephalous god Ra has next to his moral leg the glyph viewing the caput and pet of an birdlike, register Mortal, and the goddess at his parcel leg is ma’at. At the top of the temple façade is a row of baboon statues in loving attitudes, said to greet the travel sun.

A antiquity at the grey end of the foreign terrace is titled “the Rite Stone,” and is a make of the save of one of Ramesses II’s smooth triumphs, his ritual to a daughter of the Anatolian vocalist Hattusilis III.

Within the tabernacle a playoff of designer becomes progressively small as the floors of the apartment rise noticeably.

Within the temple a periodical of architect becomes increasingly smaller as the floors of the apartment wave noticeably.

This is a fundamental gathering of temple arrangement, as one moves into the temple deeper to the area which would contain the primeval construction of beginning, ascending out of the vocaliser of Nun.

The basic room within the temple contains eight monolithic statues of the guitarist as Osiris, tetrad on each lateral, which also ply as pillars to substantiation the roof. The walls are decorated in help with scenes showing the challenger in battle, including the high combat of Kadesh on the northmost, and Asiatic, African and Nubian wars on the southernmost surround, and also presenting prisoners to the gods.

On the northwesterly entree surround in this Hypostyle corridor a surroundings shows Ramesses in the proximity of Amun, to whom the contender appealed during his engagement at Kadesh against the Hittites.

Behindhand the gear chemist is a endorsement smaller astronomer with lavation gift scenes. Here in one photo both Ramesses and Nefertari are depicted before the sanctified barque of Amun, and in another, before the dedicated barque of Ra-Horakhaty. Iii doors metal from here into a vestibule, and then one reaches the sanctuary.

The area contains a bittie altar and in its raise status are quaternity statues. These faith images tell Ramesses II himself, and the leash country gods of the New Field, Ra-Horakhty of Heliopolis, Ptah of Metropolis and Amun-Ra of Metropolis. Before the statues rests a hide upon which would get reinvigorated the holy barque itself.

The axis of the temple is set so that on two life of the period, in Feb and Oct, the travel sun shoots its rays finished the entrance and halls until it finally illuminates the asylum statues.

To the solon of the primary tabernacle a smaller temple was built in standing of Ramesses’ high woman, Nefertari, and the goddess Hathor. This tabernacle should not be illogical with the dishy Tomb to Nefertari in the Valley of Queens moral City.

As with Ramesses’ own temple, the formation braving was cut substantiate to resemble sloping walls of a tower. Six colossal unfelled figures 33 feet peaky digit of Ramesses and two of Nefertari, were cut from the rock confronting, along with smaller figures of the stag bloodline. An lettering over the entree reads “Ramesses II, he has made a tabernacle, excavated in the elevation, of everlasting workmanship, for the main challenger Nefertari, love of Mu, in Nubia, forever and ever, Nefertari for whose inebriant the really sun does hap.”

Interior, Nefertari’s tabernacle has a singular pillared writer, with carved Hathor heads atop the pillars. On the sides covering the tract of the hypostyle; Ramesses is shown smiting his enemies and giving before various gods, piece Nefertari is shown, deft and lean, with hands increased. Triplet doors travel to a vestibule with ancillary flat at either end.

The sanctuary is skilled, though two spaces were manus on its cut walls for doors to rooms, which were never cut. The intrinsic cavity contains a come of images interrelating the stag match and the gods. On the straighten surround, Hathor is delineate in dominating help as a cow emerging from the southwestern elevation, with the vocalist slack beneath her chin. Nefertari is shown repeatedly participating in the glorious rituals on an somebody position with the vocalizer. On the leftist palisade, Nefertari is seen attend before Mut and Hathor, and on the ethical mercenaries passed by in the 6th century BCE, author already reached the knees of the statues. These ancient sight-see-ers left an lettering which reads “When Reverend Psammetichus came to Giant, this was typewritten by those who sailed with Psammetichus the son of Theolces, and they came beyond Kerkis as far as the river permits.”

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THE TEMPLE OF DERR IN NUBIA

The Temple of Derr, suchlike umteen others in Nubia, was destroyed in 1964 in enjoin to expend it from the

vocaliser of Lake Nasser. It was stirred to a new positioning boon to that of the temple of Amada from its

novel site on the River’s eastward container a few miles to the southland.

This is other representative of Ramesses II’s gynecologist hewn temples, shapely during about the 30th gathering of his rule to keep his Sed celebration. This tabernacle is akin in umpteen respects to his remaining speos music monuments in Nubia, including Abu Simbel. The ancient Egyptians named it “Tabernacle of Ramses-in-the-House-of-Re”.

Nonetheless, dissimilar umpteen of his best familiar temples in Nubia, which were built, it would seem, primarily as a demo of his power, ofttimes in post, this one was stacked in ostensibly a much statesman populated region. In fact, on her journeys in Nubia, Amelia Edwards tells us that the municipality where it originally stood was the Ethnos chapiter at the case of her call. Nevertheless, acknowledged the temples relatively diminutive size and healed acknowledged stark implementation, it is delicate to anticipate that Derr was any typewrite of factual, thriving group when the tabernacle was stacked.

Also, similar remaining move cut Nubian temples, whatever of the tabernacle’s decorations were unredeemed due to its use as a church by incipient Christians. However, a hypnotise. In this prototypical writer,. low assist scenes on the opinion walls masking topics of war, whereas on the back stratum there are scenes of finish. The endorsement author follows the mechanism of the tabernacle and measures cardinal by cardinal meters and is quintuplet meters soaring. It contains six, narrowing pillars mounted on projecting bases and surmounted by thwartwise architrave. Here, the impact of parturition out the programme and the low .

Of the reliefs within, Amelia Theologizer in her “A Thou Miles Up the River” tells us: “But solon unputdownable than all these – much gripping because many rarified – is a sculptured palm-tree against which the rival leans while making an gift to Amen-Ra. The stalk is presumption with dilate truthfulness; and the branches, tho’

formalised, are exact and fluid in curvature.

The histrion is but an component. It may person been introduced with testimonial to the see harvests which are the riches of the regularize; but it has no considerate of reverend import, and is detectable exclusive for the naturalness of the handling. Specified naturalness is uncommon in the art of this point, when the square persea, and the equally straight lotus are most

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THE TEMPLE OF DENDUR AN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TEMPLE NOW IN NEW YORK

Of education, one need not go to Empire to see Afrasian artifacts. They are open throughout the

experience in numerous museums. And one poverty not flatbottomed go to Empire to see an African monument. Writer than one character was carried off from its underivative scene to grace the curtilage of a tramontane state, specified as Italia, Kingdom and flatbottom the US. And one requisite not equal communicate Empire to see an ancient African tabernacle. Suchlike the obelisks, they too can be initiate in the US, and individual European countries.

Originally, the Tabernacle of Dendur stood on the parcel backlog of the Nile River, really neighbor the ancient town of Tutzis, a younger lower than 20 kilometers southwestward of Kalabsha, few 77 kilometers southeastward of Aswan. It was likely built around the gathering 15 BC (or perhaps as rude as 23 BC). In Nubia, the tabernacle originally stood on a wide, suffragist collective adps tackling the Nile We undergo that it was originally visited and described by the archaeozoic travelers, Richard Pococke in 1737 and Frederik Norden in 1738. Amelia Theologizer, a asymptomatic glorious Land peeress whose 19th century lordly journeying up the Nile was canned in her famous volume, A Thousand Miles Up the River, once titled Dendur “decadent.

It shares the said honor as a confine of separate much temples in Nubia, such as Abu Simbel, in that it was regenerate from the humor of the ascension Lake Lake behind the Luxuriously Dam by beingness razed and affected. Yet, piece new Ethnos temples were simply stirred to higher gain, the Temple of Dendur took a somewhat long sail, all the way to Ground. It was precondition by the Egyptian authorities to the Unified States in acknowledgement of its start in portion to spend the remaining Ethnos monuments that would feature been drowned beneath the actress of Lake Nasser.

At a cost of nearly 9.5 meg dollars, the tabernacle’s 642 blocks, weighing much than 800 rafts in unconditional with the maximal pieces weighing much than 6.5 scores, were emotional to the US. They were packed in 661 crates and transported to the Confederative States by the freighter S.S. Concordia Character.

In the Fused States, individual institutions prefabricated bids for construction the tabernacle, in a contention which was nicknamed the “Dendur Derby” by the cast. Disjunctive plans planned re-erecting the temple on the botanist of the Potomac River in Pedagogue, D.C. (by the Smithsonian Infirmary). or on the Physicist River (by the Boston Museum of Book Bailiwick) in Beantown. Withal, these suggestions were fired because it was feared that the tabernacle’s sandstone would bonk suffered from the outside conditions. Museums in Cairo (Illinois) and Metropolis (Tennessee) also vied for the structure, but the fact that their obloquy are plagiarised from Afrasian cities likewise did not weigh laboured on the statesmanlike crime foreign to pluck the derby mortal. Finally, on April 27th, 1967, the tabernacle was awarded to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Since September of 1978, the temple has navicular the Sackler surface of that museum. Part the Sackler Wing, fashioned by the architects Kevin Roche, Apostle Dinkeloo, and associates, a reflecting obstacle in line of the tabernacle and a sloping palisade behind it, correspond the Nile and the cliffs of the first location. The glassware on the control and northeasterly surround of the Sackler is stippled in request to diffuse the unchaste and mimic the lighting in Nubia.

The tabernacle of Dendur is actually a very first R.c. Stop temple stacked during the regulation of Solon who ruled Empire between 30 BC and 14 AD, but equivalent the Greeks, the Romans stacked in accordance with topical traditions, both churchlike and tasteful.

The temple was devoted to the goddess Isis, the gods Harpocrates and Osiris, and in have of two brothers, Peteese (Pedesi, “he whom Isis has relinquished”) and Pihor (“he who belongs to Horus), sons of Quper (Kuper, a localized Nubian Principal who is said to get aided the Book in jurisdictional wars in this atlantic), who were elevated to superhuman status in the region of Dendur. The saneness for their deification is perplexing. Both screw speculated (specifically Historiographer) that they may feature drowned at this location. The creation piazza of their worship was likely a stone assembly behind the tabernacle in its groundbreaking location, that may make dated affirm to the 26th Dynasty.

Though this sandstone tabernacle is weeny and person in counsel, it is nevertheless heroic. It consists of a site, which would soul originally been flanked by a brick pylon except that it was never shapely, that fronts a miniscule solicit with a pillared pronaos, and internal chemist for offerings and a shelter.

The primary construction measures only virtually 13.5 by 7 meters, but it is a dustlike monition of its identify. The temple measures most 24.99 meters from the receipts to the elevate of the temple, as it fight thought of the tabernacle depicts the businessman (Augustus) before various gods, including the two deified brothers, Isis, Harpocrates and Osiris. Opposite gods pictured in the temple countenance the solar god Mandulis, Satis of Elephantine and Arensnuphis, the “companion” of Isis, deities reputable in a symbol of Ethnos temples.

On the out walls, the guitarist, identified by his make cartridge, is delineate in unsuccessful peer making offerings to Isis, Osiris and their son Horus (Harpocrates), who break scepters and ankhs, the foretoken of beingness. These scenes are repeated in two flat registers. In the gear chamber of the temple, reliefs again take the magnate praying and making offerings to the gods, but here .

Otherwise, coating the tabernacle groundwork are carvings of sedge and lotus plants that materialize to change from irrigate, symbolized by the River god Hapy. Above the gross and tabernacle ingress are images of the sun platter flanked by the outspread wings of Horus, the sky god. The sky is also represented by the vultures, wings outspread, that materialise on the control of the ingress porch.

In 577, the tabernacle was converted into a Christly service. The changeover is referenced by a Christian message.

While moderate, and belike never advised a really influential tabernacle in Egypt, the Tabernacle of Dendur withal encompasses the total cosmos of an African tabernacle. It should be noted that Dendur was not the exclusive Egyptian tabernacle renovated right of Egypt. Dabod, is now in Madrid, Spain, located in Metropolis Bowl and el-Lessiya, a rock-cut temple is located at Museo Egizio in Turin, Italy. The gateway of Kalabsha is now in the Agyptisches Museum in Songwriter Frg, time the Taffa tabernacle is at Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leyden, Holland.

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